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THE INCOME TAX ACT, 2025
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Section 338 - Income not to be inc... Section 339 - Corpus donation... Section 340 - Deemed corpus donati... Section 341 - Application of incom... Section 342 - Accumulated income... Section 343 - Deemed accumulated i... Section 344 - Business undertaking... Section 345 - Restriction on comme... Section 346 - Restriction on comme... Section 347 - Books of account... Section 348 - Audit... Section 349 - Return of income... Section 350 - Permitted modes of i... Section 351 - Specified violation... Section 352 - Tax on accreted inco... Section 353 - Other violations... Section 354 - Application for appr... Section 355 - Interpretation... Section 356 - Appealable orders be... Section 357 - Appealable orders be... Section 358 - Form of appeal and l... Section 359 - Procedure in appeal... Section 360 - Powers of Joint Comm... Section 361 - Appellate Tribunal... Section 362 - Appeals to Appellate... Section 363 - Orders of Appellate ... Section 364 - Procedure of Appella... 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Section 392 - Salary and accumulat... Section 393 - Tax to be deducted a... Section 394 - Collection of tax at... Section 395 - Certificates... Section 396 - Tax deducted is inco... Section 397 - Compliance and repor... Section 398 - Consequences of fail... Section 399 - Processing... Section 400 - Power of Central Gov... Section 401 - Bar against direct d... Section 402 - Interpretation... Section 403 - Liability for paymen... Section 404 - Conditions of liabil... Section 405 - Computation of advan... Section 406 - Payment of advance t... Section 407 - Payment of advance t... Section 408 - Instalments of advan... Section 409 - When assessee is dee... Section 410 - Credit for advance t... Section 411 - When tax payable and... Section 412 - Penalty payable when... Section 413 - Certificate by Tax R... Section 414 - Tax Recovery Officer... Section 415 - Stay of proceedings ... Section 416 - Other modes of recov... Section 417 - Recovery through Sta... 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Section 437 of Income Tax Act - In...

Section 438 of Income Tax Act - Se... Section 439 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 440 of Income Tax Act - Im... Section 441 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 442 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 443 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 444 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 445 of Income Tax Act - Be... Section 446 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 447 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 448 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 449 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 450 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 451 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 452 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 453 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 454 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 455 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 456 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 457 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 458 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 459 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 460 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 461 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 462 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 463 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 464 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 465 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 466 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 467 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 468 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 469 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 470 of Income Tax Act - Pe... Section 471 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 472 of Income Tax Act - Ba... Section 473 of Income Tax Act - Co... Section 474 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 475 of Income Tax Act - Re... Section 476 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 477 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 478 of Income Tax Act - Wi... Section 479 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 480 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 481 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 482 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 483 of Income Tax Act - Fa... Section 484 of Income Tax Act - Ab... Section 485 of Income Tax Act - Pu... Section 486 of Income Tax Act - Pu... Section 487 of Income Tax Act - Of... Section 488 of Income Tax Act - Of... Section 489 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 490 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 491 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 492 of Income Tax Act - Ce... Section 493 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 494 of Income Tax Act - Di... Section 495 of Income Tax Act - Sp... Section 496 of Income Tax Act - Of... Section 497 of Income Tax Act - Tr... Section 498 of Income Tax Act - Ap... Section 499 of Income Tax Act - Ce... Section 500 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 501 of Income Tax Act - Se... Section 502 of Income Tax Act - Au... Section 502 of Income Tax Act - Au... Section 503 of Income Tax Act - Se... Section 504 of Income Tax Act - Se... Section 505 of Income Tax Act - Su... Section 506 of Income Tax Act - Fu... Section 507 of Income Tax Act - Su... Section 508 of Income Tax Act - Ob... Section 509 of Income Tax Act - Ob... Section 510 of Income Tax Act - An... Section 511 of Income Tax Act - Fu... Section 512 of Income Tax Act - Pu... Section 513 of Income Tax Act - Ap... Section 514 of Income Tax Act - Re... Section 515 of Income Tax Act - Ap... Section 516 of Income Tax Act - Ro... Section 517 of Income Tax Act - Re... Section 518 of Income Tax Act - In... Section 519 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 520 of Income Tax Act - Co... Section 521 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 522 of Income Tax Act - Re... Section 523 of Income Tax Act - No... Section 524 of Income Tax Act - Pr... Section 525 of Income Tax Act - Au... Section 526 of Income Tax Act - Ba... Section 527 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 528 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 529 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 530 of Income Tax Act - Ac... Section 531 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 532 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 533 of Income Tax Act - Po... Section 534 of Income Tax Act - La... Section 535 of Income Tax Act - Re... Section 536 of Income Tax Act - Re... SCHEDULE I of Income Tax Act - CON... SCHEDULE II of Income Tax Act - IN... SCHEDULE III of Income Tax Act - I... SCHEDULE IV of Income Tax Act - IN... SCHEDULE V of Income Tax Act - INC... SCHEDULE VI of Income Tax Act - IN... SCHEDULE VII of Income Tax Act - P... SCHEDULE VIII of Income Tax Act - ... SCHEDULE IX of Income Tax Act - DE... SCHEDULE X of Income Tax Act - DED... SCHEDULE XI of Income Tax Act... SCHEDULE XII of Income Tax Act... SCHEDULE XIII of Income Tax Act -... SCHEDULE XIV of Income Tax Act - L... SCHEDULE XV of Income Tax Act - DE... SCHEDULE XVI of Income Tax Act - P...

Section 437 of Income Tax Act - Interest on refunds

437. Interest on refunds.

(1) Where a refund is due to the assessee under this Act, he shall, subject to the provisions of this section, be entitled to receive, in addition to the refund, simple interest thereon calculated at the rate of 0.5% for every month or part of a month, in the circumstances specified in column B of the Table below, for the period specified in column C of the said Table.

Table

Sl. No.

Circumstances

Period

A

B

C

1.

Where the refund is out of tax collected at source under section 394 or paid by way of advance tax or treated as paid under section 390(5), during the financial year.

(a) From the first day of April of the year following the tax year to the date on which the refund is granted, where the return of income has been furnished on or before the due date as specified in section 263(1);

(b) from the date of furnishing the return of income to the date on   which the refund is granted; in any other case.

2.

Where the refund is out of any tax paid under section 266.

From the date of furnishing of return of income or payment of   tax, whichever is later, to the date on which the refund is granted.

3.

Any other case.

From the date or, as the case may be, dates on and from which the amount of tax or penalty specified in the notice of demand issued under section 289 is paid in excess of such demand to the date on which the refund is granted.

.

(2) No interest shall be payable under sub-section (1) (Table: Sl. No. 1 or 2), if the amount of refund is less than 10% of the tax as determined under section 270(1) or on regular assessment.

(3) Where refund, mentioned in sub-section (1) (Table: Sl. No. 1), arises as a result of an order passed by the Assessing Officer in consequence of an application made by the assessee under section 288 (1) (Table: Sl. No. 11), interest shall be calculated at the rate of 0.5% for every month or part of a month comprised in the period from the date of such application to the date on which the refund is granted.

(4) In a case where a refund arises as a result of giving effect to an order under section 359 or 363 or 365(10) or 368 or 377 or 378, wholly or partly, otherwise than by making a fresh assessment or reassessment, the assessee shall be entitled to receive an additional interest which shall be––

(a) In addition to the interest payable under sub-section (1); and

(b) computed on such amount of refund calculated at the rate of 3% per annum, for the period beginning from the date following the date of expiry of the time allowed under section 286(1) (Table: Sl. Nos. 9 and 10) to the date on which the refund is granted.

(5) For the purposes of sub-section (4), in a case where proceedings for assessment or reassessment are pending, in computing the period for determining the additional interest payable, the period beginning from the date on which such refund is withheld by the Assessing Officer as per and subject to provisions of section 438(3) and ending with the date upto which such refund is withheld, shall be excluded.

(6) Where refund of any amount becomes due to the deductor in respect of any amount paid to the credit of the Central Government under Chapter XIX-B, such deductor shall be entitled to receive, in addition to the said amount, simple interest thereon calculated at the rate of 0.5% for every month or part of a month  comprised in the period, from the date on which—

(a) claim for refund is made in such form as may be prescribed; or

(b) tax is paid, where refund arises on account of giving effect to an order under section 359 or 363 or 365(10) or 368, to the date on which the refund is granted.

(7) If the proceedings resulting in the refund are delayed for reasons attributable to the assessee or the deductor, as the case may be, whether wholly or in part, the period of the delay so attributable to him shall be excluded from the period for which interest is payable under this section.

(8) Where any question arises as to the period to be excluded under sub-section (7), it shall be decided by the Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commissioner or Principal Commissioner or Commissioner whose decision thereon shall be final.

(9) Where, as a result of an order under section 270(10) or 271 or 279 or 287 or 288 or 359 or 363 or 365(10) or 368 or 377 or 378, the amount on which interest was payable under sub-section (1) or (3) has been increased or reduced, as the case may be, the interest shall be increased or reduced accordingly.

(10) In a case where the interest is reduced under sub-section (9), the Assessing Officer shall serve on the assessee a notice of demand in such form as may be prescribed specifying the amount of the excess interest paid and requiring him to pay such amount.

(11) The notice of demand under sub-section (10) shall be deemed to be a notice under section 289 and the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly.

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